Merging self-reported with technically sensed data for tracking mobility behavior in a naturalistic intervention study. Insights from the GISMO study

Sound exposure data are central for any intervention study. In the case of utilitarian mobility, where studies cannot be conducted in controlled environments, exposure data are commonly self-reported. For short-term intervention studies, wearable devices with location sensors are increasingly employed. We aimed to combine self-reported and technically sensed mobility data, in order to provide more accurate and reliable exposure data for GISMO, a long-term intervention study. Through spatio-temporal data matching procedures, we are able to determine the amount of mobility for all modes at the best possible accuracy level. Self-reported data deviate ±10% from the corrected reference. Derived modal split statistics prove high compliance to the respective recommendations for the control group (CG) and the two intervention groups (IG-PT, IG-C). About 73.7% of total mileage was travelled by car in CG. This share was 10.3% (IG-PT) and 9.7% (IG-C), respectively, in the intervention groups. Commuting distances were comparable in CG and IG, but annual mean travel times differ between  = 8,458 min (σ = 6,427 min) for IG-PT,  = 8,444 min (σ = 5,961 min) for IG-C, and  = 5,223 min (σ = 5,463 min) for CG. Seasonal variabilities of modal split statistics were observable. However, in IG-PT and IG-C no shift toward the car occurred during winter months. Although no perfect single-method solution for acquiring exposure data in mobility-related, naturalistic intervention studies exists, we achieved substantially improved results by combining two data sources, based on spatio-temporal matching procedures.     

Reducing sexual risk and promoting acceptance of men who have sex with men living with HIV in India: Outcomes and process evaluation of a pilot randomised multi-level intervention

ABSTRACT

HIV-positive men who have sex with men (HIV+MSM) in India need culturally-relevant interventions to promote safer sex. We tested a multi-level intervention among HIV+MSM that targeted individual, interpersonal, and community factors, based on the Social-Personal and Social Ecological Models. We conducted a 2?×?2 factorial RCT with 119 HIV+MSM randomised to receive either an individual-level intervention (ILI) using motivational interviewing to promote safer sex, a community-level intervention (CLI) to strengthen community norms toward safer sex and reduce stigma among MSM communities, a multi-level intervention combining the individual- and community-level interventions (ILI?+?CLI), or standard-of-care control. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention assessments of a composite sexual risk score and a process evaluation to assess fidelity and satisfaction. Out of the 119 HIV+MSM, 106 (89.0%) completed pre- and post-intervention assessments. Generalised Estimating Equation models showed that both CLI (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR]?=?.67, 95% CI .47 to .96) and ILI?+?CLI (IRR?=?.66, 95% CI .48 to .91) groups had a statistically significant decrease in sexual risk compared to the standard-of-care. The interventions had high levels of fidelity and satisfaction. This pilot RCT demonstrated feasibility and potential effectiveness of a multi-level intervention that addresses individual, interpersonal and community-level contributors of sexual risk among HIV+MSM.     

Predictors of Intervention Session Completion in a Randomized Clinical Trial of a Behavioral Cancer Pain Intervention

ContextSome patients with cancer are able to complete psychosocial pain management intervention sessions, and others find it difficult to do so.ObjectivesConduct a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial (N = 178) that compared delivery formats (in-person vs. videoconference) of a pain coping skills training (PCST) intervention for patients with cancer to examine if intervention session completion predicts postintervention outcomes of pain severity and interference, psychological distress, physical well-being, and pain self-efficacy; and identify predictors (i.e., demographics, medical characteristics, baseline outcome scores) of session completion.MethodsSession completion (i.e., completing all four sessions vs. missing at least one session) was tested as a predictor of postintervention outcomes. Predictors of session completion were then examined.ResultsIn both study conditions combined, PCST session completion predicted improvement from baseline to postintervention in pain severity (β = −0.27; P = 0.03), pain interference (β = −0.25; P = 0.048), and pain self-efficacy (β = 0.23; P = 0.07). Participants in the videoconference condition were significantly more likely than those in the in-person condition to complete all sessions (83% vs. 65%; P = 0.006). Participants with at least some college education (odds ratio [OR] 4.36; P = 0.04), a diagnosis of breast cancer (OR 6.73; P = 0.04), and higher levels of pain self-efficacy (OR 2.32; P = 0.02) were more likely to complete videoconference sessions. Participants who lived closer to the medical center (OR 0.64; P = 0.07), had early stage cancer (OR 3.82; P = 0.07), and fewer medical comorbidities (OR 0.59; P = 0.04) were more likely to complete in-person sessions.ConclusionCompleting PCST sessions is important for improving pain outcomes. Efforts to increase session completion (e.g., videoconference delivery) should be considered.     

腹腔镜胃肠道患者手术中发生压力性损伤的影响因素分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤的影响因素。方法选择2016年10月至2019年5月于本院行腹腔镜胃肠道手术治疗的214例患者作为观察对象,回顾性分析患者临床资料,统计压力性损伤发生率,经logistic回归分析法分析腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤发生危险因素。结果214例行腹腔镜胃肠道手术治疗患者术中并发压力性损伤26例,发生率是12.15%,包括1期压力性损伤19例、2期压力性损伤2例、深部组织损伤5例;单因素分析:腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤发生和患者术中体位移动、呼吸方式、受压部位皮肤状况、手术时间存在相关性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤发生和患者性别、年龄、BMI指数、吸烟史、应用类固醇药物无相关性,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素logistic回归分析:患者术中体位移动(OR=1.594)、呼吸方式(OR=2.765)、受压部位皮肤异常(OR=3.452)、手术时间≥1 h(OR=1.234)为腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤发生独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜胃肠道手术患者术中存在一定压力性损伤发生危险性,而患者术中体位移动、呼吸方式、受压部位皮肤异常、手术时间≥1h是导致腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤发生独立危险因素,故需进一步制定有针对性的应对策略,避免压力性损伤发生,确保患者生命健康。     

Five-year clinical outcomes using the bioresorbable vascular scaffold: Insights from the FRANCE ABSORB registry

Central illustration: cumulative major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) thrombosis rates after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years.

     

胸痛中心认证对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者救治效率的影响

目的观察我院胸痛中心认证前后急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)救治关键指标的变化。方法采取回顾性非同期队列研究方式,以我院通过中国胸痛中心联盟正式认证时间为划分时间点,将2017年9月至2018年9月收治的STEMI患者为胸痛中心认证前组(206例),将2018年10月至2019年10月收治的STEMI患者为胸痛中心认证后组(284例)。比较胸痛中心认证前后STEMI患者院前救治、院内救治关键指标的变化以及住院期间死亡率、住院时间和住院费用的差异。结果胸痛中心认证后组心电图(ECG)远程传输比例[122(43.0%)比62(30.1%),P=0.008]和绕行急诊科或CCU比例[117(41.2%)比64(31.1%),P=0.022]与胸痛中心认证前组比较显著增加,首次医疗接触至完成首份ECG(FMC-to-ECG)[3(2,5)min比5(2,7)min,P<0.001]与胸痛中心认证前组比较显著缩短,差异均有统计学意义;两组患者发病至首次医疗接触(S-to-FMC)时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.146)。胸痛中心认证后组ECG至确诊时间[(76.3±57.9)min比(92.0±65.8)min,P=0.040]较胸痛中心认证前组显著下降;胸痛中心认证后组进入医院大门至球囊扩张(D-to-B)时间[76.0(60.0,88.0)min比94.0(78.0,195.0)min,P<0.001]和首次医疗接触至球囊扩张(FMC-to-B)时间[(96.1±67.3)min比(112.4±84.0)min,P=0.022]均较胸痛中心认证前组显著下降,差异均有统计学意义。胸痛中心认证后组D-to-B时间<90 min达标率[201(70.8%)比119(57.8%),P=0.003]和FMC-to-B<120 min达标率[180(63.4%)比101(49.0%),P=0.002]均较胸痛中心认证前组显著增加,差异均有统计学意义。胸痛中心认证后组院内死亡率与胸痛中心认证前组比较,有下降趋势[11(3.9%)比10(4.9%),P=0.654],但差异无统计学意义。胸痛中心认证前后组患者住院时间和住院总费用比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论我院胸痛中心认证后较认证前显著缩短了STEMI救治时间,尤其是D-to-B时间,有助于提高胸痛中心STEMI患者的救治效率。